79 resultados para Conhecimento

em Repositório digital da Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV


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O trabalho analisa a evolução do campo de conhecimento em Administração Pública no Brasil com base em trabalho empírico realizado junto a duas revistas especializadas: Revista de Administração de Empresas (RAE) - (1961-1992) e Revista de Administração (RAE) - (1947-1992). Os artigos nelas publicados foram classificados de acordo com seu locus (objeto empírico analisado) e seu focus (instrumental teórico utilizado).

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Continuando a Pesquisa realizada em 1999, a presente pesquisa examinou os conceitos e tecnologias envolvidas na Gestão de Conhecimento no contexto nacional e comparou-os com os conceitos e tecnologias que tem norteado as empresas norte-americanas. Para tanto, utilizamos o Survey como metodologia de pesquisa.

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O relatório de pesquisa traz as conclusões do trabalho de investigação sobre a evolução dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Administração Pública no Brasil, com foco nas mudanças do paradigma de Administração Pública e suas relações com as trajetórias dos cursos. Foram analisados os conteúdos das disciplinas oferecidas no curso de graduação em Administração Pública da EAESP/FGV, por sua importância no ensino superior de Administração no Brasil. Também há estudos sobre o curso de pós-graduação e a cooperação técnica Brasil-Estados Unidos. O relatório traz, também, indicações de novas possibilidades de exploração do tema.

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This study proposes and uses a multipolar qualitative methodology for the investigation of the meanings of corporate work under the impact of the technical-scientific knowledge. Based on the constructionist epistemology and on a heideggerian approach, this methodology made possible the description of such phenomenon under the Management perspective, but also under the Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy views. Study starts with empirical data, collected by interviews and in publications, and analyzes them based on conceptual contributions from the four referred poles. As a result, this investigation proposes reflexivity, impermanence and entanglement as meanings of the corporate work that culminate in the paradoxical work. It also demonstrates that the impact of knowledge occurs in a reflexive spiral of complexification, continuously affecting individuals and work processes; describes the impermanent character of the work ruled by time, by neophilia and by uncertainties that make precarious the very subjective experience of worker; and proposes that this work becomes entangled due to the way it is managed, and is an entangling work, for embarrassing the individual in its techniques, logics and dissonances. The paradoxical essence that emerges from this appreciation of corporate work is described on the following scopes: its reflexivity does not prevent its rationality to be fragile; its dynamism coexists with the difficulty to achieve substantive organizational changes; its entanglement compromises the possibilities of an apparently reachable well-being; its focus on present ends up to be emptied; and its purpose of individual sustenance becomes unsustainable due to hyperconsumption. But the conclusions of the study do no describe a definitive phenomenon. At the ending, it points out possibilities of living with the paradoxical work as well as possibilities of its transformation.

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The present work consists on the development and exploration of a knowledge mapping model. It is aimed in presenting and testing that model in an exploratory manner for the operationalization in theoretical terms and its practical application. For this proposal, it approaches ¿knowledge management¿ by three dimensions of management: processes control, results control and leadership. Assuming the inherently personal character of knowledge and admitting the impossibility for the management to command the individuals knowledge mental processes, this study states the possibility for management to control the organizations information processes, to state and to monitor the objectives and to lead people. Therefore, the developed tool searches to graphically represent the people¿s knowledge, which becomes, consequently, information. Also it evaluates the individual¿s maturity against the identified knowledge and prescribes, according to the Situational Leadership Theory, a style of leadership in compliance with the respective maturities. The knowledge map considered here translates the graphical representation of the relevant knowledge that is said to reach the objectives of the organization. That fact allows the results management for two reasons: first, the knowledge items are directly or indirectly connected to an objective and second, the knowledge map developed indicates a importance grade of the identified knowledge for the main objective stated. The research strategy adopted to explore the model of knowledge mapping and to test its applicability, also identifying its possible contributions and limitations, is the Actionresearch. Following the research strategy¿s prescribed stages, the knowledge map, as considered by this study, was applied in a software development company to hospitals, clinics and restaurants management which is called ¿Tergus Systems and Consulting¿. More precisely, the knowledge map was applied in the customer support company¿s area for hospitals. The research¿s empirical evidences had concluded that the model is applicable with low level of complexity, but with great demand of time. The more important contributions are related to the identification of the relevant knowledge to the department objectives in set with a prescription of the knowledge capture and transference necessities, as well as, the orientation for the appropriate leadership style for each subordinate related to the knowledge item in question.

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Nowadays, management of Intellectual Capital seems to be one of the most efficacious alternatives so that companies may permanently develop competitive differentials to enable their survival in a market that confers paradigma status to globalization. Managers are searching for solutions aiming to attract and maintain in their boards professionals that might be able to develop these competitive differentials and assure to their companies the expected results and the business growth. In this environment, the manager¿s functions appears as a strategic function towards the organization¿s routine and yet suggests an evaluation about the professionals performance concerning challenges (efforts) that market requires. The amount of scientific knowledge which these professionals detain about power should be measured as well as the thought that this can improve their performance regarding their capacity to convince (induce) people. This research concerns those that look for empirical evidences and scientific arguments to confirm the supposition that power knowledge may in fact provide a superior performance of those professionals that are in charge of management functions. The reason and results here presented allow to: reevaluate managers duties in private organizations, improve executive training programs so as to be more productive and appropriated, change the selection methods used to recognize such executives and finally suggest a reevaluation about the real adequation of graduation and master degree courses in regards to professionals graduation which are capable to ingress in business market and take over leadership positions.

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Este estudo teve como interesse principal o desenvolvimento de um modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento - GC, que pudesse ser aplicado em uma organização pública, contribuindo de maneira pragmática na evolução dessa abordagem. Para isso buscouse obter uma maior compreensão do fenômeno que representa um conjunto de processos que governa a criação, armazenagem, disseminação e a utilização do conhecimento para atingir a excelência organizacional, a partir do estudo de suas principais características, da melhor forma de compartilhamento dos conhecimentos individuais para a formação do conhecimento organizacional, da motivação como questão-chave para uma bem sucedida Gestão do Conhecimento, as competências essências, habilidades e tecnologias, e a metodologia para disseminar o conhecimento. O estudo foi desenvolvido sob um enfoque qualitativo, pretendendo-se analisar as abordagens e modelos atualmente existentes, sinalizando para gerentes e executivos de organizações públicas aspectos relevantes em sua implantação, trazendo, assim, um panorama sobre a temática que gera novas alternativas para esse público, na adoção de ações em relação ao assunto. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre a aprendizagem individual e organizacional sobre a gestão do conhecimento, cujo conteúdo, nesta última, se apresenta ainda reduzido. O estudo criterioso e a análise atenta de todo o material de pesquisa coletado nortearam a proposição desse modelo~ que poderá ser implantado no Ministério da Justiça e, por que não, Serviço Público Federal.

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o aumento da competição despertou nas organizações a necessidade de reverem seus processos. Com o advento do fenômeno da globalização, associado ao desenvolvimento das telecomunicações, da tecnologia da informação e dos processos de logística, os mercados ficaram cada vez mais restritos, fazendo com que a inovação no desenvolvimento de produtos e o correto entendimento das necessidades dos clientes passassem a representar um diferencial de mercado. Para os profissionais, estas mudanças representaram novos desafios no tocante à cobrança por resultados e à manutenção da empregabilidade. No meio de todas estas mudanças, surge no cenário empresarial e acadêmico um novo processo de gestão, conhecido por gestão do conhecimento. Além disso, os efeitos deste novo cenário levou à abertura de mercados até então restritos, dentre eles o de telecomunicações, cujas empresas operadoras brasileiras foram privatizadas em 1998. Entre ela, insere-se a Empresa Brasileira de Telecomunicações (Embratel), criada em 1965 com a função de integrar o país por meio das telecomunicações. Atuando com um perfil de engenharia por 30 anos, a Embratel se viu obrigada a promover profundas mudanças em seus processos internos e no perfil de seus profissionais para se transformar em uma empresa prestadora de serviços, implantando e reformulando sistemáticas voltadas à aquisição e desenvolvimento de novas competências. Este estudo apresenta uma análise das mudanças do processo da gestão do conhecimento na EmbrateL a partir da privatização do setor de telecomunicações no Brasil. O método utilizado foi a análise de conteúdo, feita com base em dados coletados no campo, em documentos e na bibliografia existente. F oram analisados os principais processos da gestão do conhecimento ao longo da vida da EmbrateL dividindo-a em três períodos: de 1965 a 1994, período essencialmente estatal; de 1995 a 1997, período em que a empresa viveu sua transição para a privatização, e a partir de 1998, período de ambiente privado. O estudo permitiu concluir que, apesar de terem sido observadas mudanças nos indicadores de aquisição e desenvolvimento de conhecimento, a Embratel demonstra ser uma empresa na qual sempre existiu o processo de gestão do conhecimento, o que certamente contribuiu para sua história de sucesso.

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Organizations have shown a speech focused on Knowledge Management and share of knowledge that reveal the relevance of both the age of knowledge and the capture and transference of individual and colective knowledge. Due to its continued repetition, the speech has been legitimated, not establishing, however, what can be shared, which methods shall provide it and which personal and corporate reasons can stimulate sharing the knowledge. This speech tries to convince that the implementation depends exclusively on the actions promoted by the firm. It also admits the presence of necessary environment conditions to make share of knowledge possible. The speech makes one believe that individuals and teams, formal or informal, are prepared and desire to share their knowledge, not considering feelings, wishes or availability to do so. The research has revealed the difficulty of sharing knowledge within service companies, which are strongly results oriented, due to the competition among employees in order to catch better jobs, the fight to retain power and the lack of time to develop daily tasks. Such organizations prevent people from the desire and the availability to share knowledge.

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In the last years, a number of enterprises ¿ each time greater ¿ have perceived the importance of the strategic management of the intellectual capital in its strategic planning. Factors like globalization of the economy and consequent awareness of specialized work value enclosed in organizational processes and routines, awareness of knowledge as factor of distinct production and low cost of data processing nets, point to a growing replacement of physical force for cerebral in our organizations and in our social lives. This work has the objective to analyze how the information technology, in its present stage, may contribute to creation and development of knowledge, or intellectual capital, in the organization of business. We will use for this purpose the methodology proposed by Nonaka and Takeuchi for creation of knowledge in the organizations. The model is based in two basic points: 1) the existence of two types of knowledge, the tacit and the explicit and its several processes of interaction wich generate operational knowledge (internalization), systematic knowledge (combination), shared knowledge (socialization) and conceptual knowledge (externalization); 2) the view that knowledge in principle is individual, belongs to each member of the organization and must be enlarged 'in an organization way'. Considering the characteristics of the methodology used, the proposal is the construction of a knowledge portal in the organization of business, so that it may be used as a tool for helping to create and develop organizational knowledge.

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This paper aims to identify the main characteristics undertaken by the brazilian non governmental organization (NGO's) and the political, social, economical and personal factors that have contributed for the impressive growth of these organizations which has been observed on the past two decades. The thesis defended herein is that these organizations were legitimated by the society, despite the lack of transparency that surrounds their practice. By acknowledging that the term has many meanings, and that there is no legal consolidated mark to delimit exactly what a NGO is, the research has adopted a very specific universe: the NGO's affiliated to the Associação Brasileira de Organizações Não-Governamentais (ABONG), located in Rio de Janeiro. The characteristics undertaken by the researched organizations were raised through interviews with its directors, visits to its headquarters and institutional documents that were made available. Mind makers of the Rio de Janeiro¿s society were also interviewed. The data research was also aided by the revision of the available literature. The Social Representation Theory was used in order to have a better understanding of the relationship that society has established with the NGO's. The thesis reveals that the characteristics undertaken by the NGO's are very different. In regards to the factors that have induced the growth of these organizations, we can notice a significant reduction of the States' acting. Also pointed out are the non existence of an adequate legislation, the facilities offered by the partnership established, the prevailing of a positive image for the society, the lack of inspection and the increasing social needs of the country which stand out as possible inductors of the expansion of these organizations.

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Land, capital and work dictated the organizations¿ success in the industrial era. Added to these factors, the intangible assets are considered the key complement to determine business¿ sustainability in the knowledge era. The globalization creates a new dynamic in the markets and the knowledge management becomes focal point to the organizations. It becomes more common the incorporation of inter-organizational nets to improve business, in a strategy win-win where the tacit knowledge, noncodified, which is shared. More specifically, the innovation management, one of the intangible assets aspects, plays an important role in the Federal Government agenda, through the PDP and other market players. BNDES made significant progress to assist companies¿ demands in the knowledge era, among them: the adoption of the Intangible Assets BSC methodology to evaluate companies¿ credit risk and the partnership with Brightom University (UK) to train innovation management to companies¿ managers. Besides the initial steps, what are the challenges that BNDES will face from now on? In the bibliographic review, it is analyzed the competitive factors in the knowledge era, the evolution of the intangible assets concept, the consolidation of the networking as business strategy, evaluation its advantages and disadvantages, some innovation definitions and its management through the identification of the development level of the Brazilian companies¿ in this aspect. After that, it is analyzed the management tool so-called Balanced Scorecard, which is fundamental to the Intangible Assets BSC. The actions already implemented by BNDES, Sebrae and FINEP focused on the subject are identified in order to evaluate the integration level among those actions. Then, it is demonstrated the relevancy of the subject not only to BNDES, but also to society. This study faces the subject by the preparation of a diagnostic from 30 actives SMEs investments from BNDESPAR portfolio, a BNDES subsidiary, adopting the BSC methodology through questionnaire. The objective is to certify if there is enough space to elaborate an action plan focused on creating value to companies considering them intangible assets and, if it is viable, how this toll can be useful and adequate to achieve such objective. The questionnaire content, answered by the training participants in the innovation management program, is also evaluated to check the suggestions of actions to maximize the expected feedback. In the conclusion, it is verified that the tool so-called Intangible Assets BSC is adequate to the management activity of the investments in PMEs from BNDESPAR portfolio and there is enough space to adopt measures focused on creation of companies¿ value, mentioning some examples and highlighting some preliminary academicals contributions to improve the tool and also suggests other steps that BNDES can adopt to optimize the actions already implemented.

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In this text we tried to make a critic analysis of knowledge management, by means of case studies about some branches of Banco do Brasil S.A., trying to identify the presence or absence of elements that characterize the environmental working place focused on a continuous learning. The research was taken at several branches of Banco do Brasil S.A. in Curitiba ¿ State of Paraná ¿ Brasil. We asked the managers to answer the questions as they represent the leadership in every branch. The critic points that interfere positive or negatively the daily activities on knowledge management were examined, such as: time, administration of the branches, market changings, information systems, knowledge generation and transmission, besides the internal and external standard rules. The conclusion is that knowledge management in the researched branches is still in its beginning. Although there is an advanced technical infra structure and the managers have demonstrated some knowledge on this subject and are aware of its .importance for the company. The knowledge management is visualized more as an auxiliary technology for the updated models than a new way of managing the organization. The most important revolution expected - to modify the way of thinking and acting of the employees - is still in its starting point.

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O sistema de franquia tem sido objeto de muitos estudos acadêmicos nos últimos anos pela sua crescente adoção como estratégia de expansão da empresa. Resumidamente, franquia é o sistema pelo qual a franqueadora cede ao franqueado a licença de uso de sua marca e concede o direito ao franqueado de acessar seu conhecimento no negócio. A transferência de conhecimento nesse processo é desejada e cultivada pelos agentes como mecanismo para alcançar o sucesso da parceria. O presente estudo exploratório de caso buscou analisar de que forma essa transferência ocorre nas marcas brasileiras, identificando os principais desafios enfrentados pelo franqueador e pelo franqueado nessa ação. Além disso, o trabalho procurou mostrar as habilidades principais que os agentes devem possuir para a efetiva sedimentação do aprendizado. As teorias de apoio à análise foram a RBV-Resource Based View, Capacidades Dinâmicas, Teoria da Agência, além de estudos sobre Gestão do Conhecimento e de Franquias. A pesquisa foi feita através de entrevistas com executivos e franqueados de três empresas franqueadoras brasileiras dos segmentos de escola de idiomas, de acessórios femininos e de produtos naturais. Como principais resultados, podem ser apontados: (a) os motivadores para a entrada no sistema são a expansão de qualidade, por parte do franqueador, e o suporte oferecido, por parte do franqueado; (b) o conhecimento da operacionalização do elemento-chave do sucesso da marca torna-se explícito com mais facilidade que o conhecimento dos elementos de gestão da unidade franqueada; (c) apesar de manuais e do treinamento em classe serem meios usuais de transferência de conhecimento explícito, sua sedimentação se dá através do treinamento em campo; (d) geralmente o conhecimento explícito é passado em grande quantidade, em pouco tempo e em um momento de maior ansiedade do franqueado, prejudicando o aprendizado; (e) os meios mais relevantes para transferência de conhecimento tácito são o contato diário com o franqueador, os encontros entre franqueados e as visitas do franqueador à unidade, porém o bom resultado desta depende do perfil e da capacitação do visitante; (f) não foi identificado um processo-padrão para a transferência do conhecimento tácito; (g) apesar da disposição de compartilhar conhecimento entre os agentes, há uma frustração quanto à sua adoção efetiva; (h) o perfil ideal dos agentes da transferência de conhecimento contém características intangíveis, tornando mais complexa a tarefa de sua seleção. O presente trabalho contribui também como base para novos estudos referentes à transferência de conhecimento em franquias, como, por exemplo, a sugestão de pesquisas que relacionem os resultados obtidos com o desempenho do franqueador, da unidade franqueada ou mesmo do sistema de franquia de uma determinada marca.